Source: WTL course files.
Image: The territorial possessions of Carlos V included Spain, the Balearic Islands, Sardinia, lower half of Italy (Kingdom of Naples), the territory of Milan (el Milanesado), the Franche-Comté (i.e. Alsace-Lorraine), Luxembourg, and the Low Countries (Belgium and Holland). In 1580, the Spanish Empire added Portugal and all Portuguese territories around the world including places in Africa, India, Indonesia, and China.